Concrete Technology and Masonry Structures

 

Pokhara University

Faculty of Science and Technology

Course Code:

STR 214 (3 Credits)

Course Title:

Concrete Technology and Masonry Structure (3-2-2)

Pass Mark:

45

Nature of the Course:

Theory and Practice

Total Lectures:

45 hours

Level:

Bachelor/ Year: III/ Semester: V

Program:

BE Civil/Civil and Rural

1. Course Description

The purpose of this course is to provide the concept, knowledge, and skill on concrete technology and masonry structural elements. The course focuses on various properties of concrete ingredients and will also be able to design concrete mix of different grades using different methods. This course explores the tools and techniques of quality control in different stages of construction by using concrete and masonry units. This course also helps to analyze and design of masonry structures for gravity and lateral loads using codal provisions.

2. General Objectives

• Familiarize with ingredients of concrete and masonry materials
• Carry out mix design of concrete
• Test various properties of fresh and hardened concrete
• Conduct tests on masonry units and masonry structures
• Analyze and design simple masonry structure

3. Methods of Instructions

Lecture, Tutorial, Discussion, Readings and Practical works

4. Course Contents

Part I: Concrete Technology

Unit 1: Introduction to Plain Cement Concrete and its Constituents (5 hours)

• Use of Concrete in Structure and Types of Concrete
• Constituents of concrete material
  • Cement - Manufacturing of cement, Compound composition of Portland Cement and its role in Concrete, Hydration of cement
  • Sand and Aggregates – Types, Properties, Gradation and their effects in concrete strength
  • Water- Quality of water used in concrete, Effect of water-cement ratio on concrete performance (Abram's law)
  • Admixtures – Types and their Functions

Unit 2: Mix Design of Concrete and Properties of Fresh Concrete (10 hours)

• Workability and its test (Slump Test, Compaction Factor Test, Flow Test and Vee-Be Test)
• Manufacturing of Concrete and its Quality Control (Batching, Mixing, Transporting, placing (manual, lift and pumping), Finishing (Compaction) and Curing of Concrete
• Segregation and Bleeding Effect
• Concreting in Extreme Temperature
• Mix Design
  • Nominal Mix Design
  • Probabilistic Concept in Mix Design Approach
  • Mix Design by DOE, ACI and IS Method

Unit 3: Properties of Hardened Concrete (7 hours)

• Strength of Hardened Concrete and Factor Influencing Strength (Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, Shear and Bond Strength)
• Deformation of Hardened Concrete: Moduli of Elasticity, Poisson’s Ratio
• Shrinkage and Creep
• Fatigue, Impact and Cyclic Loading
• Thermal Properties
• Effect of Porosity, and Gel-Space Ratio
• Durability of Concrete and Factors Affecting It
• Concrete Deterioration, Defects and their Preventive Measure

Unit 4: Testing of Hardened Concrete and Quality Control (5 hours)

• Compressive Strength Test, Direct Tensile Strength Test, Flexural Strength Test, Bond Strength
• Non-Destructing Tests of Concrete
• Variability of Concrete Strength and Acceptance Criteria as per Codal Provisions
• Quality Control and Statistical Approach of Quality Assurance

Unit 5: Special Types of Concrete (3 hours)

• Light Weight Concrete
• Polymer Concrete
• Porous Concrete
• Plum Concrete
• High Density/Roller compacted Concrete
• Fiber Reinforced Concrete
• Self-Compacting Concrete
• High strength concrete
• Shotcrete

Part II: Masonry Structures

Unit 6: Constituents of Masonry Structures (2 hours)

• Types of Masonry Units: Bricks, Stones, Adobes, Concrete Blocks, ACC Block, CSE Block
• Uses of Masonry Structures
• Types of Brick Masonry Bond: - English Bond, Flemish Bond, Rat-Trap Bond
• Types of Masonry Structures
  • Load Bearing and Non-Load Bearing Masonry
  • Reinforced and Unreinforced Masonry
• Mortar
  • Ingredients and properties of Wet Mortar
  • Strength of Mortar

Unit 7: Design of Masonry Walls For Gravity Loads (8 hours)

• Introduction to Codal Provisions (NBC109) and Guidelines (NBC202)
• Analysis and Design Example for Gravity Loads for Solid wall, wall with Openings, Walls with Eccentric Loadings and Walls Acting as Columns
• Design and Detailing of Reinforced Masonry Structures (Lintel Band)

Unit 8: Masonry Structures for Lateral Loads (8 hours)

• Introduction to Lateral Loads
• Earthquake and Wind Loadings on Masonry Structures
• Strengthening and Retrofitting of Masonry Structures for Earthquake Resistant Design
• Uses of Bamboo in Masonry Structures

Unit 9: Testing of Masonry Elements (2 hours)

• Compressive Strength of Bricks and Walls
• Diagonal Shear Test
• Non-Destructive Tests – Schmidt hammer, Elastic Wave Tomography, Flat-Jack, Push Shear Test

5. List of Tutorials

• Calculation of theoretical compressive strength w.r.t gel space ratio and rate of hydration, porosity.
• Design concrete mix by using different design methods, like DOE, IS and ACI
• Calculate standard deviation, mean target strength, Coefficient of Variance of given sample of concrete cube.
• Design and detailing of lintel beam in masonry structure.
• Design of different types of masonry wall under gravity loads.
• List out the different techniques used for resisting lateral load in masonry structure.

6. List of Practicals / Project Works

• Workability test for fresh concrete.
• Compressive strength test for hardened concrete by using destructive method.
• Indirect tensile test for hardened concrete by using destructive method.
• Compressive strength test of hardened concrete by using non-destructive test.
• Determination of strength of cement mortar.
• Determination of strength of masonry units.
• Demonstration of Non-destructive test in masonry wall.
• Tests in masonry wall.

7. Evaluation System and Students’ Responsibilities

Evaluation System

The internal evaluation of a student may consist of assignments, attendance, term-exams, lab reports and projects etc. The tabular presentation of the internal evaluation is as follows:

Internal Evaluation

• Attendance & Class Participation: 50
• Assignments: 10%
• Internal Assessment: 60%
• Practical: 20
• Lab Report/Project Report: 10%
• Practical Exam/Project Work: 40%
• Viva: 30%
• Total Internal: 50

External Evaluation

• Theory: 30%
• Practical Exam/Project Work: 40%
• Viva: 30%

Full Marks: 50 + 50 = 100

Students’ Responsibilities

Each student must secure at least 45% marks separately in internal assessment and practical evaluation with 80% attendance in the class in order to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to get such score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) to appear the Semester-End Examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes, formal exam, test, etc. and complete all the assignments within the specified time period. Students are required to complete all the requirements defined for the completion of the course.

8. Prescribed Books and References

Text Books:

• M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2005
• A.S. Arya, Masonry and Timber Structures including earthquake resistant Design, Nem Chandra and Bros, Roorkee, 1987

References:

• P.K. Mehta, Paulo J. M. Monteiro, Concrete, Microstructure, Properties and Materials, University of California, Berkley (Indian Edition)
• A.W. Handry, B.P. Sinha, S.R. Davies, An Introduction to Load Bearing Brick Design, University of Edinburgh, 1981
• P. Dayaratnam, Brick and Reinforced Brick Structures, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 1987
• A.M. Neville, J.J. Brook, Concrete Technology, International Students' Edition
• IS 456, 2000- Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice
• DUDBC.NBC 109, 1994 Masonry; Unreinforced
• DUDBC. NBC 202- Load Bearing Masonry
• IS 1905- 1987
• IS: 383 – 1970
• SP 20: 1991